Emily Oster

2 min Read Emily Oster

Emily Oster

Does Bird Flu Spread Through Food?

Q&A on milk contamination

Emily Oster

2 min Read

Can you please weigh in on bird flu in our food supply? Do I need to worry about milk, meat, etc.? My children especially love milk, and I’m concerned! Does the type of milk matter? Ultra-filtered, organic, or just milk?

—Anonymous

The background on this question is the current outbreak of bird flu — a particular strain of influenza (H5N1) — in dairy cows. We always worry when viruses move between species, especially into mammals, because of the possibility that the virus could move into us. H5N1 is a virulent flu strain, so this is a particular concern.

However: thus far, there is no reason for panic. There is only one confirmed human case (a dairy worker). This might be an undercount, but if the virus was spreading between people at all, we would know by now, since it has been months. 

Cottonbro Studio / Pexels

People have been concerned about the possibility of flu virus spreading through milk. The FDA is also concerned about this and has been monitoring. The milk that most of us buy in stores is pasteurized, meaning it is treated to avoid contamination. The FDA has found evidence of viral fragments in milk but — very importantly — no evidence of any live virus. FDA scientists tried to grow virus from milk and were not able to. This is excellent evidence that pasteurization is doing what it needs to.

If you are buying pasteurized milk, any version of it is fine: organic, non-organic — they all run through the same process. 

There is more concern if you are buying raw milk, although there is no evidence that bird flu has spread through this channel. The lack of pasteurization, however, makes this milk more risky for disease transmission in general. In most states you could only get this through a farmer; in the few where it’s more widely available it is labeled.


I’m a fan of Your Local Epidemiologist for keeping up with viruses.

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I hear from many of you that the information on ParentData makes you feel seen. Wherever you are on your journey, it’s always helpful to know you’re not alone. 

Drop an emoji in the comments that best describes your pregnancy or parenting searches lately… 💤🚽🍻🎒💩

I hear from many of you that the information on ParentData makes you feel seen. Wherever you are on your journey, it’s always helpful to know you’re not alone.

Drop an emoji in the comments that best describes your pregnancy or parenting searches lately… 💤🚽🍻🎒💩
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Milestones. We celebrate them in pregnancy, in parenting, and they’re a fun thing to celebrate at work too. Just a couple years ago I couldn’t have foreseen what this community would grow into. Today, there are over 400,000 of you here—asking questions, making others feel seen wherever they may be in their journey, and sharing information that supports data > panic. 

It has been a busy summer for the team at ParentData. I’d love to take a moment here to celebrate the 400k milestone. As I’ve said before, it’s more important than ever to put good data in the hands of parents. 

Share this post with a friend who could use a little more data, and a little less parenting overwhelm. 

📷 Me and my oldest, collaborating on “Expecting Better”

Milestones. We celebrate them in pregnancy, in parenting, and they’re a fun thing to celebrate at work too. Just a couple years ago I couldn’t have foreseen what this community would grow into. Today, there are over 400,000 of you here—asking questions, making others feel seen wherever they may be in their journey, and sharing information that supports data > panic.

It has been a busy summer for the team at ParentData. I’d love to take a moment here to celebrate the 400k milestone. As I’ve said before, it’s more important than ever to put good data in the hands of parents.

Share this post with a friend who could use a little more data, and a little less parenting overwhelm.

📷 Me and my oldest, collaborating on “Expecting Better”
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Comment “link” for an article with other tools to help you navigate risk and uncertainty.

#emilyoster #parentdata #riskmanagement #parentstruggles #parentingstruggles

I spend a lot of time talking people down after they read the latest panic headline. In most cases, these articles create an unnecessary amount of stress around pregnancy and parenting. This is my pro tip for understanding whether the risk presented is something you should really be worrying about.

Comment “link” for an article with other tools to help you navigate risk and uncertainty.

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Do any of these findings surprise you? Let us know in the comments!

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🌶️ Among respondents, the most common s e x u a l frequency was 1 to 2 times per month, followed closely by 1 to 2 times per week
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Here’s what we know from a data standpoint:
✈️ The risk of injury to a child on a plane without a carseat is very small (about 1 in 250,000)
✈️ A JAMA Pediatrics paper estimates about 0.4 child air crash deaths per year might be prevented in the U.S. with car seats
✈️ Cars are far more dangerous than airplanes! The same JAMA paper suggests that if 5% to 10% of families switched to driving, then we would expect more total deaths as a result of this policy.

If you want to buy a seat for your lap infant, or bring a car seat for an older child, by all means do so! But the additional protection based on the numbers is extremely small.

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Head to the newsletter for more and stay tuned for part two next week on naps! 🌙

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Comment “Link” to subscribe to ParentData with Emily Oster, joined by some excellent guests.

#parentdata #parentdatapodcast #parentingpodcast #parentingtips #emilyoster

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Comment “Link” to subscribe to ParentData with Emily Oster, joined by some excellent guests.

#parentdata #parentdatapodcast #parentingpodcast #parentingtips #emilyoster
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